Simonds yDNA

Profile manager: Matthew Simonds [send private message]

Introduction

This is a yDNA study to collect together in one place everything about yDNA of men with the surname Simonds or one of its variants such as Symonds of Simons. The hope is that other researchers like you will join our study to help make it a valuable reference point for people studying lines that cross or intersect. Please contact the project leader, add categories to your profiles, add your questions to the bulletin board, add details of your name research, etc.

Many families in North America with the surnames Simonds, Symonds or Simons are descended from one of the following individuals, three belonging to haplogroup I1, one possibly to haplogroup I2 and one to haplogroup R1b. Three others are unknown:

• William Simonds (1611-1672) of Woburn, MA = Haplogroup I1
• John Simonds (1755-1806) of Rutherford County, NC = Haplogroup I1
• David Simons (1800-1878) of County Cavan, Ireland = Haplogroup I1
• James Simons (1785-1833) of County Cavan, Ireland = Haplogroup I1
• John Symonds (1594-1671) of Salem, MA = Haplogroup I2 or R1b
• William Simons (1659-1738) of Enfield, CT = Haplogroup R1b
• Robert Simons (ca. 1645-1724) of Wenham, MA and Windham, CT = Unknown Haplogroup
• William Simmons (ca. 1610-1667) of Haverhill, MA = Unknown Haplogroup
• Joseph Simonds (ca. 1688-?) of Durham and Canterbury, NH = Unknown Haplogroup

Haplogroup I1 (I-M253)

William Simonds (1611-1672) of Woburn, Massachusetts and all his direct patrilineal descendants should belong to I-FT191165, a newly discovered subclade of haplogroup I1 (I-M253). This has been demonstrated by Y-chromosome DNA testing at Family Tree DNA by three of his male descendants, Anonymous Simonds (FTDNA kit 75542) who is descended from William's eldest son Caleb Simonds, Matthew Simonds (FTDNA kit 310372, YFull id YF67933) who is descended from William's third son, Joseph Simonds and a descendant of William's fourth son, Benjamin Simonds (FTDNA kit 915167).^[1] The second and third of these individuals, the one descended from Joseph and the other from Benjamin Simonds, have both done the Big Y 700 test at FamilyTreeDNA and both have a newly discovered SNP, FT191165, which has not been found in any other test takers at this point and is unique to the descendants of William Simonds of Woburn (1611-1672). This SNP is G to C at Y-DNA position 11043148. All three of the male descendants in question have done Y-DNA STR testing. The first two individuals have a match in 104 out of 111 Short Tandem Repeat (STR) markers on their Y-chromosomes with a genetic distance of 7 (there is a one step mutation in each of the seven markers where they differ), while the second and third individuals have a match in 108 out of 111 STR markers with a genetic distance of 4 (there is a one step mutation in two of the markers where they differ and a two step mutation in the third where they differ). The seven markers where Y-DNA mutations have occurred in one of the three lines over the last 300+ years are as follows: DYS576 is 16 in kit 75542 vs. 17 in kits 310372 and 915167, DYS 570 is 18 in kit 75542 vs. 19 in kits 310372 and 915167, CDYa is 33 in kit 75542 vs. 34 in kit 310372 and 35 in kit 915167, YGATA A10 is 13 in kits 75542 and 915167 vs. 14 in kit 310372, DYS712 is 25 in kit 75542 vs. 26 in kit 310372 and 24 in kit 915167, DYS532 is 12 in kit 75542 vs. 11 in kits 310372 and 915167, and DYS587 is 19 in kit 75542 vs. 18 in kits 310372 and 915167. There are exact matches among all three individuals in the other 104 Short Tandem Repeat (STR) locations tested.^[2]

Of these three men with Y-DNA test data, Anonymous Simonds (FTDNA kit 75542) has not done any SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) testing, his haplogroup being estimated by Family Tree DNA based on his STR numbers as I-M253 (I1). Matthew Simonds (FTDNA kit 310372, YFull id YF67933), and FTDNA kit 915167 on the other hand, have done the Big Y 700 test at FamilyTreeDNA in which, according to Family Tree DNA, “around 11.5 to 12.5 million base-pairs of reliably mapped positions of non-recombining Y chromosome” is sequenced.^[3]This has allowed us to refine the yDNA haplogroup designation for the descendants of William Simonds to I-FT191165, a subclade of I-Y4044, a subclade of I-P109 (I1a1b1). The full haplotree line for the newly identified subclade (I-FT191165) to which the descendants of William Simonds (1611-1672) of Woburn belong starting with I1 (I-M253) is as follows: I-M253 > I-DF29 > I-Y2592 > I-CTS6364 > I-CTS10028 > I-S6364 > I-L22 > I-Z2338 > I-S25366 > I-P109 > I-FGC16695 > I-FGC16678 > I-Y3662/S7660 > I-Y4053 > I-Y4051 > I-FT86560 > I-Y4043 > I-Y4057 >I-Y4044 > I-FT191165. ^[4] These SNP results can also be seen in the I-P109 section of the YFull Experimental Y-Tree, id: YF67933.^[5]

Y-DNA testing at Family Tree DNA has also revealed that the three patrilineal descendants of William Simonds (1611-1672) of Woburn who have so far been tested (kits 310372, 75542 and 915167) are related to several descendants of the Simons family of County Cavan, Ireland. Matthew Simonds (FTDNA kit 310372, YFull id YF01701) has a 108 out of 111 Y-DNA STR match with Brian Symonds (FTDNA kit 218702 and YFull id YF67490, haplogroup I-FGC21838) and 106 out of 111 Y-DNA STR match with Kit 318316 (YFull id YF67797, haplogroup I-FGC21838), both descendant of David Simons (1800-1878) of County Cavan, Ireland through two of his sons who emigrated from Ireland to Canada in the 19th century, and a 106 out of 111 Y-DNA STR match with Kit 330318 (YFull id 67692, haplogroup I-Y5490), a descendant of James Simons (c. 1785-1833) of Killacreeny, County, Cavan, Ireland. ^[6] According to calculations done by YFull, the Time to Most Recent Common Ancestor (TMRC) for the American and Irish Simons/Simonds families is about 600 years, which means that they most likely share a common Simons/Simonds ancestor in the 15th century.^[7] It is almost certain that the American and Irish lines converge in a common ancestor who lived someplace in England. The Simons family of County Cavan, Ireland was a Protestant family in heavily Catholic Ireland, and it seems likely that the patrilineal ancestor of this family, a distant relation of William Simonds (1611-1672) of Woburn, MA, was one of the Englishmen who settled in what was called the Plantation of Ulster, starting in the reign of James I (1566-1625) of England (and the VI of Scotland). The settlement of the plantation by Englishmen began in 1606.^[8]

The descendants of William Simonds (1611-1672) of Woburn, MA and of David Simons (1800-1878) and James Simons (c. 1785-1833) of County Cavan, Ireland who tested at Family Tree DNA (kits 310372, 75542, 915167, 218702 & 318316) also had a Y-DNA match with a descendant of John Simonds (1755-1806) of Rutherford County, North Carolina (kit 389139). Kit 301372 had a perfect 67 out of 67 match with this descendant of the North Carolina Simonds family.^[9] In addition, kit 310372 also had an autosomal DNA/Family Finder match with another descendant of John Simonds (1755-1806) of Rutherford County, NC. The best hypothesis to explain this match is that John Simonds (1755-1806) of North Carolina was a grandson of Joseph Simonds (1689-1766) of Lexington, MA, Londonderry, NH, Killingly, CT and Ware, MA. He had several sons who are unaccounted for such as James (b. 1728), John (b. 1732) and Nathan (b. 1737) and John Simonds (1755-1806) of North Carolina could have been a son of one of these sons of Joseph Simonds. In addition, it is likely that Joseph Simonds had other children whose names are presently unknown. The birth of his daughter Rachel by his first wife was recorded at Chelmsford, MA, 6 July 1714, but Joseph and his first wife subsequently moved to Londonderry, New Hampshire about 1719 and then about 1723 to Killingly, Connecticut where the birth of their daughter Abigail was recorded on 9 January 1724 (followed by those of a number of Joseph's other children). Children whose names we do not yet know were probably born in that 10 year gap between 1714 and 1724 and one of those could also have been the father of John Simonds (1755-1806) of Rutherford County, North Carolina.

The closest Y-DNA relatives of the American and Irish branches of the Simons/Simonds/Symonds family at FamilyTreeDNA are the kits of two Norwegians with haplogroup I-Y4057 in the Norway DNA Project at FamilyTreeDNA who did the I1 - Y3549 (P109) SNP Pack at FamilyTreeDNA.^[10]The first, kit 367372, is a descendant of Thomas Konrad Thormundsen Try who was born in Søgne, Vest-Agder, Norway, 17 June 1868, the son of Thormund Karlssen who was christened in Hægebostad, Vest-Agder, 4 May 1800, the son of Karl Thormundsen who was born about 1756 and died in Hægebostad, Vest-Agder, 29 June 1837. The second Norwegian is kit 170927 who has not provided any information about his ancestry. Both kits tested Y4043+, Y4057+ and Y4060+, but Y4044-, Y4047- and Y4054-. All members of both the American and Irish branches of the Simons/Simonds/Symonds family are positive for all six SNPs. The haplotree path for this Norwegian branch is: I-M253 > I-DF29 > I-Y2592 > I-CTS6364 > I-CTS10028 > I-S6364 > I-L22 > I-Z2338 > I-S25366 > I-P109 > I-FGC16695 > I-FGC16678 > I-Y3662/S7660 > I-Y4053 > I-Y4051 > I-FT86560 > I-Y4043 > I-Y4057.^[11]

The next closest Y-DNA relatives of the Simons/Simonds/Symonds family at FamilyTreeDNA after the above Norwegian branch are two individuals, both with roots in the town of Isleham, Cambridgeshire, England. One of those, kit 42300, is descended from Thomas Diver who was born about 1782 in Stamford, Lincolnshire, England. The other individual, with kit 206903, is descended from Matthew Lambert who was baptized at Isleham, 9 June 1813 and died at Newmarket, Cambridgeshire in 1879. Both individuals have done the Big Y and their haplogroup is I-FGC21850. The haplotree path is as follows: I-M253 > I-DF29 > I-Y2592 > I-CTS6364 > I-CTS10028 > I-S6364 > I-L22 > I-Z2338 > I-S25366 > I-P109 > I-FGC16695 > I-FGC16678 > I-Y3662/S7660 > I-Y4053 > I-Y4051 > I-FT86560 > I-Y4043 > I-FGC21850.^[12]

And after this Cambridgeshire branch, we now have the beginning of a new branch at I-FT86560 after a man from Denmark did the Big Y700 test at Family Tree DNA in January 2021. His kit number is unknown to me, but his most distantly known patrilineal ancestor is Knud Sparre who was born about 1741 and died 7 July 1808 in Denmark. The haplotree path of this individual is I-M253 > I-DF29 > I-Y2592 > I-CTS6364 > I-CTS10028 > I-S6364 > I-L22 > I-Z2338 > I-S25366 > I-P109 > I-FGC16695 > I-FGC16678 > I-Y3662/S7660 > I-Y4053 > I-Y4051 > I-FT86560.

Haplogroups I-M253 (also called I1) and its two subclades I-L22 and I-P109 are commonly found in men in Scandinavia, the latter two especially in Norway and Sweden. Haplogroup I-M253 is present in about 40% of the male population of Norway,^[13] 35.6% of the male population of Sweden but is found in only about 15.4% of the men in England.^[14] Haplogroup I1 split away from Haplogroup I2 about 27,300 years ago although the Most Recent Common Ancestor so far for people in this haplogroup is about 4,700 years ago.^[15] According to the National Geographic Society's Genographic Project, the SNP mutation called P109 is "between 1 and 2 percent of male lineages in Sweden and Norway. However, it is rare in the male population of Finland. It is present in trace frequencies of less than 1 percent in Spain, Italy, France, Germany, and the British Isles." I-P109 formed about 4,100 years ago while the Time to Most Recent Common Ancestor for people in this subclade is about 3400 years ago^[16] and probably originated in a man who lived in the Oslo fiord between present day Sweden and Norway who was the progenitor of all men with the P109 mutation in their Y-chromosomes including William Simonds and his descendants.^[17] It was then spread from Scandinavia to other areas by the Vikings and perhaps also by those Anglo-Saxon groups with origins in what is now Denmark such as the Jutes and Angles. The Vikings raided and settled in the eastern part of England from the 9th to the 11th centuries,^[18] whereas the Jutes and Angles came to Britain during the Anglo-Saxon migrations of the 5th century. But because the Danish Vikings and the Jutes and Angles all came to Britain from the same part of Scandinavia, it is difficult at this time to distinguish the Y-DNA of one of these groups from the others and to determine if the ancestors of those with the P109 SNP in Britain were Vikings or Anglo-Saxons.^[19]

A new study published in 2020 in the journal Nature analyzed ancient DNA samples from the remains of 442 individuals found in archeological sites in areas inhabited, settled or visited by the Vikings in Scandinavia, Britain, Russia, Estonia, etc., and at least 16 of these 442 individuals (3.62%) belonged to haplogroup I-P109 or one of its subclades.^[20] Of the Y-DNA samples that belong to haplogroup I-P109 or one of its subclades, the closest one to our Simonds/Symonds/Simons family is at I-Y4051 which is downstream of I-Y4053 and I-Y3662/S7660 and coincident with I-Y4045. According to the Haplogroup I1 Ancient DNA Samples Map, this ancient Y4051 Y-DNA sample (VK297) was found in a sacrificed victim buried in Hundstrup Bog (Hundstrup Mose) in Hammer parish on the island of Zealand in Denmark: “In total two adults, two children and two infants were recovered. The two children (7-11 and 11-13 years) were found lying together. They had been covered with branches and had been buried with an iron knife. The preservation was very good, but none of the skeletons was complete. There are no signs of disease or trauma on the remains. The graves date to [the] Germanic period (660-780 CE) rather than Viking Age.” Another ancient Y-DNA sample found at Hundstrup Mose (VK296) belonged to I-S7660 which is coincident with I-Y3662 and is a short distance upstream from I-Y4051.^[21] Seven of the ancient I-P109 samples are downstream from I-S14887 which branches off from I-Y3662/S7660 along with I-Y4053. Two of these (VK165 & VK176) are from individuals found at St. John's College, Oxford, probably of Danish origin, who were killed by order of King Aethelred in 1002 in what is called the St. Brice's Day Massacre.^[22] And three samples (VK509, VK511 & VK553) are from individuals who were found at Salme on the island of Saaremaa in present day Estonia. They are among the remains of 41 Vikings who were killed in a battle in about 750 AD and were buried on the beach, 7 in one boat and 34 in another boat, with their animals and weapons. An isotope analysis of the dental enamel and bones of the remains indicates that these Vikings probably came from central Sweden.^[23] These are some of the first ancient Y-DNA samples found that belong to our I-P109 section of the haplotree, but even in the case of the closest one to the haplogroups to which our Simonds/Symonds/Simons family belong (sample VK297 at I-Y4051), our most recent common ancestor (MRCA) lived, according to YFull, about 2,300 years before the present (TMRCA CI 95% 3100 <-> 1550 ybp), i.e. ca 279 B.C.E. So, it's still not possible to tell if our Simonds ancestors came to Britain from Scandinavia with the Anglo-Saxons or the Vikings.

In 2014, the genealogical DNA testing company BritainsDNA was commissioned to compared gene markers "passed from dad to son, from 3500 men to six Norse DNA patterns." They concluded that about 1 million British men can claim to be of Viking descent, with greater concentrations of such men in Scotland and North England which decrease moving to the south of England. Looking at British men with what BritainsDNA considered to be "Norse" or "Scandinavian" Y-DNA haplogroups, they found these "Viking" gene markers at about 29.2% of the men in the Shetland islands, 17.5% in Caithness in Scotland, about 5.6% in Yorkshire, 3.6% in East England, dwindling to only about 1.9% in South East England and 1.6% in South West England.^[24] L22, of which P109 and S7660 are subclades, would certainly have been among the Y-DNA SNPs that Britains DNA considered to be a marker of Viking descent.^[25]

Haplogroup I2 (I-M438)

Based on Y-DNA testing of two of his descendants (kits 33244 & 308828) at Family Tree DNA, John Symonds (1594-1671) of Salem, Massachusetts possibly belonged to haplogroup I-M223 (also called I2b1), a subclade of haplogroup I2 (I-M438). Two men with a solid genealogy back to John Symonds (1594-1671) of Salem through his great grandson, Joseph Symonds (1732-1809) of Middleton, MA and Hillsborough, NH have done Y-DNA testing so far, kit 33244 and his grandson, kit 308828, and both belong to haplogroup I-M223 (also called I2). Another man who did Y-DNA testing at Family Tree DNA (kit 109547) is also a possible descendant of John Symonds (1594-1671) of Salem through his great great grandson, James Symonds (1737-1797) of Salem, belongs to a different haplogroup, R-M269 (R1b1a1b), but his genealogy has some weak links.^[26] So Y-DNA testing by other descendants of John Symonds (1594-1671) of Salem from other branches of his descendants will be needed to confirm whether he belonged to I-M223 or R-M269.

Haplogroup R1b (R-M343)

Y-DNA testing of two descendants of William Simons (1659-1738) of Enfield, Connecticut (many of whom now spell their surname "Simonds") reveals that he probably belonged to haplogroup R-Z2542/DF13 for which the haplotree path is as follows: R (R-M207) > R1 (R-M173 > R1b (R-M343) > R-L754 > R-L389 > R-P297 > R-M269 > R-L23 > R-L51 > R-P310 > R-L151 > R-P312 > R-Z290 > R-L21 > R-Z2542/DF13.^[27] And as discussed above under Haplogroup I2, John Symonds of Salem might have belonged to Haplogroup R-M269 (R1b1a1b) instead of I-M223.

Sources

1. ↑ The genealogies of the first two kits can be seen here from the Simmons Y-Chromosome DNA Surname Project at Family Tree DNA: https://www.familytreedna.com/groups/simmons/about/results
2. ↑ See the STR results here from the Simmons Y-Chromosome DNA Surname Project at Family Tree DNA: https://www.familytreedna.com/public/simmons?iframe=yresults
3. ↑ "What are the technical details of the Big Y Product" https://www.familytreedna.com/learn/y-dna-testing/big-y/
4. ↑ The SNP results for kit 310372 can be seen here in an I-P109 haplotree prepared by Nicolas Taban, one of the administrators of the I-P109 Y-DNA Haplogroup Project at Family Tree DNA, listed as FTDNA-310372: http://haplotree.info/playground/i-p109/ and in this tree: https://coggle.it/diagram/Wzv296_5PV2rX1XO/t/i-p109/c49e90a70c34a574f03bf5fbb0c2b8dc5dfbeb1078d8358bb56d70041f5db98e?fbclid=IwAR0rDr5FXZ8Gpf8Xp_0ZzHdTcW8xn4ZJrRBRgdS0N0lKME2Y20ffQZTv24s I-P109
5. ↑ http://www.yfull.com/tree/I-P109/
6. ↑ See the YDNA STR results in the Simmons Y-Chromosome DNA Surname Project. The genealogy of kit 218702 can be seen here at the Simmons Y-Chromosome DNA Surname Project. See this branch with haplogroups, I-Y5490 and I-FGC21838, on a Coggle Tree at https://coggle.it/diagram/Wi9v7dT_EgAB3Msz/t/i-y3662-s7660.
7. ↑ See the I-P109 section of the YFull Experimental YTree, where FTDNA kit 310372 = id: YF67933, FTDNA kit 218702 = id: YF67490,, FTDNA kit 318316 = id: 67797 and FTDNA kit 330318 = id: 67692.
8. ↑ "Plantation of Ulster," online at Wikipedia.
9. ↑ See the results in the Simmons Y-Chromosome DNA Surname Project at Family Tree DNA.
10. ↑ A SNP pack tests for a selection of already discovered SNPs in a relevant portion of the Y-Tree in an attempt to place someone out on a low branch, but it will not discover any new SNPs or new branches. The I1 - Y3549 (P109) SNP Pack at FamilyTreeDNA tests for 146 already discovered SNPs throughout the P109 branch of the Y-Tree indicating whether someone is positive or negative for each of those 146 SNPs. For the SNP pack test results for the two Norwegians, see the Y-DNA SNP results section of the Norway DNA Project at terminal SNP I-Y4057, page 35 (Page Size: 25) https://www.familytreedna.com/public/Norway?iframe=ysnp.
11. ↑ See this branch on a Coggle Tree at https://coggle.it/diagram/Wi9v7dT_EgAB3Msz/t/i-y3662-s7660.
12. ↑ See this branch on a Coggle Tree at https://coggle.it/diagram/Wi9v7dT_EgAB3Msz/t/i-y3662-s7660.
13. ↑ According to the National Geographic’s Genographic Project
14. ↑ ”Haplogroup I-M253,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_I-M253
15. ↑ According to calculations by YFull that appear on their Experimental YTree, I1 "formed CI [confidence interval] 95% 29600<->25100 ybp [years before present], TMRCA [Time to Most Recent Common Ancestor] CI 95% 5500<->3900 ybp."
16. ↑ According to YFull on their Experimental YTree, I-P109, "formed CI [confidence interval] 95% 4800<->3400 ybp, TMRCA CI 95% 3700<->3000 ybp."
17. ↑ This information about the possible place of origin of the progenitor in whom the P109 SNP first occurred is from the "About Us" page for the Thornton DNA Surname Project at Family Tree DNA which is administered by Charles Thornton who is also an administrator of the I-P109 Y-DNA Haplogroup Project. Many of the members of the Thornton Surname DNA Project, like William Simonds of Woburn and his patrilineal descendants, also belong to both haplogroup I-P109 and its newly discovered subclade I-S7660. https://www.familytreedna.com/groups/thornton/about/results
18. ↑ As noted in one website description of a recent exhibit at the British Museum on the Vikings, "In Britain, the Vikings settled areas of the country so densely and so permanently that their legacy is ever-present in our language and DNA."
19. ↑ For a discussion of the issue of "Viking DNA," see the following blog post at AncestryDNA by Mike Mulligan, "AncestryDNA – The Viking in the room."
20. ↑ See Ashot Margaryan et al., "Population genomics of the Viking world," Nature, Vol. 585 (17 Sept. 2020): 390-396. Roberta Estes has written a post about the study in her online blog, DNAeXplained, "442 Ancient Viking Skeletons Hold DNA Surprises – Does Your Y or Mitochondrial DNA Match?", in which she lists information about many of the DNA samples from the study with a link for each Y-DNA terminal SNP to Family Tree DNA's Y-DNA Haplotree. The 16 samples belonging to I-P109 or a subclade are VK70, VK110, VK165, VK176, VK281, VK296, VK297, VK315, VK320, VK400, VK473, VK507, VK509, VK511, VK549 & VK553.
21. ↑ on the burials at Hundstrup Mose and bog burials in general, see “Violent Ends” from Melanie Giles, Bog Bodies: Face to Face with the Past (Manchester University Press, 2021).
22. ↑ See the Supplementary information from the Nature article, section 1.2.2.7, for information about these samples.
23. ↑ See section 1.2.2.13, from the Supplementary information from the Nature article.
24. ↑ "One million Brits can claim to be direct descendants from vikings, DNA study reveals," Daily Record (10 March 2014), Online.
25. ↑ BritainsDNA gives I-L22 the nickname "Scandinavian" as appears at the International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG) website. It is the only I1 haplogroup that is given this kind of designation, the other two "Norse" haplogroups being R1a-S443 (Z289+) which is called "Norse Viking" and R1b-S182 (L238+) which is called "Norse."
26. ↑ See STR results for kits 308828, 33244 & 109547 in the Simmons Y-DNA Surname Project at Family Tree DNA. Kit 308828 is the grandson of kit 33244 based on a private communication from a family member of the two individuals. The genealogies of kits 33244 and 109547 can be seen here.
27. ↑ For Y-DNA STR results for two descendants of William Simons of Enfield, see kits 198829 & 174521 in the Simmons Y-Chromosome DNA Surname Project at Family Tree DNA . The genealogy of kit 174521 can be seen here.

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• Rundkvist, Martin. "800 Years Of Human Sacrifice In Kent." Aardvarchaeology (10 June 2013), Online.
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